1. Carbohydrates -
ü They consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
ü Most carbohydrates are sweet to taste (sugars) while some are tasteless (non sugar).
ü Mostly come from plants. Plants store their food in terms of carbohydrates (starch).
2. Proteins -
ü They are called as building blocks of life.
ü They are very essential for proper growth and optimum body functioning.
ü They mainly come from animals and animal products. Flesh and paneer are two common examples.
ü Some plants also consist of proteins example pulses.
3. Fats -
ü The oily substances are called as fats.
ü They are mainly used to cook food like mustard oil or refined oil.
ü Fats are also present in animals and plants.
4. Vitamins -
ü They are required in very small amount by living body.
ü They mainly protect us from diseases.
ü Vitamins are of different types namely Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D,Vitamin E and K.
ü Different vitamins have different functions, example Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy. Vitamin C helps body to fight against many diseases.Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.
5. Minerals -
ü Like vitamins, minerals are also required in small amounts by living body.
ü Minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, iodine, phosphorous etc are mainly required by living body.
ü They help to prevent diseases and help in optimum functioning of body.
6. Nutrients -
ü The essential components that we get from food are called as nutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are macro nutrients, we require them at high amount. Where as vitamins and minerals are micro nutrients which are required in lesser amount.
7. Balanced Diet -
ü If the food that we intake consist of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and mineral in proper amount that is sufficient for our body then the diet is called as balanced.
ü If the food that we intake do not consist of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and mineral in proper amount that is sufficient for our body then the diet is called as unbalanced.
8. Obesity -
ü Over eating of diet which is rich in carbohydrates (sweets, soft drinks etc.) and fats (fried chips) may cause over weight problem known as obesity.
ü Obesity results in gain of weight and fat, it may give mild headaches or trouble related to stamina.
9. Deficiency Diseases -
Intake of unbalanced diet that means the diet which do not consist of optimum amount of required nutrients cause disease known as deficiency disease.
When vitamins and minerals are not present in required amount our body acquire many diseases.
NCERT PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Name the major nutrients in our food.
Ans. Major Nutrients in our food are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals and dietary fibers.
2. Name the following -
(a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Ans. a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins and minerals c) Vitamin A d) Calcium
3. Name two foods each rich in -
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fiber
(d) Protein
Ans. a) Cream, Butter b) Rice, Wheat c) Whole grains, raw vegetables d) Milk, Soya bean
4. Tick (√) the statements that are correct.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. ( )
(c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. ( )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
Ans.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. (√ )
(c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. (√ )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
5. Fill in the blanks.
(a) ______________ is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of ______________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as ______________.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of ____________ in our food.
Ans. (a) Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of Vitamin B1 causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as Scurvy.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A in our food.
Junior Science Topic - Components Of Food. Chapter notes, video lectures, power point presentation and NCERT exercise solution. (Class 6, CBSE syllabus, chapter 02)
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