1. Fiber -
ü Fibers are thin threads that combine to form a fabric.
ü Fibers may come from plants like jute and cotton. Such fibers are called natural fibers.
ü Fibers may come from animals like wool, silk. They are also examples of natural fiber.
ü Some fibers are man made, they are prepared by chemical process in factories. Such fibers are called as synthetic fibers. Nylon, rayon are common examples.
2. Fabric -
ü The material that is used for preparation of clothes like shirt, coat etc. is called as fabric. Fabrics are of different types like - cotton, silk, nylon, rayon, polyester, wool etc.
ü Fibers are converted to yarn. Then yarn is made into fabrics.
ü The process of making yarn from fibers is called spinning.
ü The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.
ü In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric Knitting is done by hand and also on machines.
3. Cotton -
ü It is grown in the fields. Cotton plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate.
ü The fruits of the cotton plant (cotton bolls) are about the size of a lemon. After maturing, the bolls burst open and the seeds covered with cotton fibres can be seen.
ü From these bolls, cotton is usually picked by hand.
ü Fibers are then separated from the seeds by combing. This process is called ginning of cotton.
ü Ginning was traditionally done by hand. These days, machines are also used for ginning.
4. Jute -
ü Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant.
ü It is cultivated during the rainy season.
ü In India, jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar and Assam.
ü The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage.
ü The stems of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days.
ü The stems rot and fibers are separated by hand.
5. Have you ever wondered what materials people used in ancient times for clothes?
ü It appears that in those times people used the bark and big leaves of trees or animal skins and furs to cover themselves.
ü After people began to settle in agricultural communities, they learned to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets.
ü Vines, animal fleece or hair were twisted together into long strands. These were woven into fabrics.
ü The early Indians wore fabrics made out of cotton that grew in the regions near the river Ganga.
ü Flax is also a plant that gives natural fibers.
ü In ancient Egypt, cotton as well as flax were cultivated near the river Nile and were used for making fabrics.
ü In those days, stitching was not known.
ü People simply draped the fabrics around different parts of their body.
ü Many different ways of draping fabrics were used.
ü With the invention of the sewing needle, people started stitching fabrics to make clothes.
ü Stitched clothes have gone through many variations since this invention.
ü But, is it not amazing that even today saree, dhoti, lungi or turban is used as an un-stitched piece of fabric?
ü Just as there is a large variety in the food eaten all over our country, a large variety exists also in fabrics and clothing items.
NCERT PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Classify the following fibers as natural or synthetic -
nylon, wool, cotton, silk, polyester, jute
Ans : Fibers that are obtained from nature, i.e., from plants and animals are called natural fibers and those made by humans by chemical methods are known as synthetic fibers. Wool and silk are obtained from animals and cotton and jute are obtained from plants. Hence, they are natural fibers. Nylon and polyester on the other hand are prepared artificially and are therefore synthetic fibers.
2. State whether the following statements are true or false -
i. Yarn is made from fiber. (True)
ii. Spinning is a process of making fibers. (False)
iii. Jute is an outer covering of coconut. (False)
iv. The process of removing seeds from cotton is called ginning. (True)
v. Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric. (True)
vi. Silk fiber is obtained from the stem of a plant. (False)
vii. Polyester is a natural fiber. (False)
3. Fill in the blanks-
a) Plant fibers are obtained from_________ and ________ .
b) Animals fibers are __________ and ___________ .
Ans : (a) fruits and stems. (b) silk and wool.
4. From which parts of the plant cotton and jute are obtained?
Ans : Cotton fibers are obtained from the fruit of cotton plants. The fruit of a cotton plant is known as cotton bolls. Jute fibers are obtained from the stem of jute plants.
5. Name two items that are made from coconut fiber.
Ans : Two items that are made from coconut fiber are: (A) Ropes (B) Baskets
Junior Science Topic - Fiber To Fabric. Chapter notes, video lectures, power point presentation and NCERT exercise solution. (Class 6, CBSE syllabus, chapter 03)
By - EduPorm India - The Educational Platform
.png)
){kind=link}